Agroecología institucional y su expresión territorial en Papantla, Veracruz

Abstract

In Mexico, the incorporation of agroecology into public policies has given rise to different forms of institutionalization, which in turn generate distinct territorial expressions. This article aims to analyze how producers in Papantla, Veracruz, adopt the agroecological approach promoted through two interventions: the Sembrando Vida Program and the Agroecological Lighthouses (Faros Agroecológicos). The study employed a mixed-methods approach with a descriptive-interpretive scope, based on field and documentary research and a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 28 participants (14 from each intervention) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview validated through expert judgment and a pilot test. The information was analyzed using the Innovation Adoption Index (IAI) and innovation adoption curves, complemented by a qualitative analysis aimed at examining adoption processes, autonomy, and the meanings attributed to agroecology. The findings indicate that the implementation mechanisms of each intervention generate contrasting dynamics. The Sembrando Vida Program is characterized by an induced and relatively homogeneous adoption of agroecological practices, mediated by economic incentives and stronger institutional intervention. In contrast, the Agroecological Lighthouses exhibit a gradual and experimental adoption process based on technical support, learning, and on-farm experimentation. Furthermore, a significant appropriation of agroecology was identified, mainly associated with health and family well-being. Nevertheless, tensions persist regarding labor requirements and weak market integration. The study concludes that agroecology transcends its theoretical dimension and becomes consolidated as a social and care-oriented practice, although it continues to face important challenges for its long-term sustainability.